The most common orthopaedic procedures include joint replacement surgery, arthroscopy, spinal surgery, and sports medicine surgery. Joint replacement surgery involves replacing a damaged or worn-out joint with an artificial joint, arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat joint problems, spinal surgery can be used to treat conditions like herniated discs or spinal stenosis, and sports medicine surgery can be used to repair injuries to the joints or soft tissues.